What is an Involutory matrix.?, Examples of 2X2 and 3X3 Involutory matrix. Properties of Involutory matrix. How to check Involutory matrix.
What is an Involutory matrix?
Definition: An Involutory
matrix is simply a square matrix which when multiply itself will
result in an identity matrix.
In other words,
mathematically we can define involutory matrix as if A is a square
matrix then matrix A will be called involutory matrix if and only if it
satisfies the condition A2 = I. Where I is n x
n identity matrix.
[ ##eye## Idempotent matrix and its properties]
Here
we observe the definition A2 = I, that is A =
square root of (I). It means the involutory matrix
[A] is always the square root of an identity matrix [I]. Also, the size
of an involutory matrix will be the same as the size of an identity matrix and
vice-versa.
Also, we can
say that an Involuntary matrix is a square matrix that is its own inverse.
Examples of Involutory matrix
Example of 2 x 2 Involutory matrix
[ ##eye## Theory and working of Star-Delta Starter]
Example of 3 x 3 Involutory matrix
Properties of Involutory matrix
As we have learned above that what is an involutory matrix, so let's move forward and learn its important properties.
1. The determinant of an Involuntary matrix will be either +1 or -1.
Let's prove it with an
example so that it will be easy to understand.
If A
is a square matrix of size (n x n). Then according to the definition of
involutory matrix A2 = I.
Hence Det.( A2 ) =
Det. ( I )
So, Det.( A )
• Det.( A ) = 1
So, Det.( A )2 = 1
So, Det.( A ) = square
root ( 1 )
Hence, Det.( A )
= ±1 = either +1 or -1
2. If A is ( n x n ) square matrix, then A will be involutory matrix if and only if 1/2(A+I) is an idempotent matrix.
Let C =
1/2(A+I)
C2 = 1/2(A+I) • 1/2(A+I)
= 1/4(A+I) • (A+I)
= 1/4(A2+lA+AI +l2)
= 1/4( I +lA+AI +l )__________ [ since l2 = l ]
= 1/4( 2•A + 2•l )_______ [ since lA=AI
= A ]
= 1/2(A+I) = C
So C2 = C
= 1/2(A+I).__________ [ Idempotent ]
Hence it proved that 1/2(A+I) is an idempotent matrix.
3. For an Involutory matrix A.
An = I___ if n is even natural number.
An = A___ if n is odd natural number.
Since A2 = I for an Involutory matrix
So A3 = I•A = A
A4 = A2 • A2 = l • I = I
A5 = A2 • A3 = I•A = A ___and so on.
4. If A and B are involutory matrices when AB = BA then AB will also, be an Involutory matrix.
Since AB = BA
Multiply both sides
by AB
So AB • AB = BA • AB
( AB )2 = B•I•B ___[ A2 = I for an Involutory matrix ]
( AB )2 = B•B ______[ I•B = B ]
( AB )2 = B2 = I ___[ B2 = I for an Involutory matrix ]
How to check whether a matrix is an Involutory matrix or not.?
We can easily check whether any square matrix is Involutory or not. For this find the square of that matrix and check the result whether you got the identity matrix or not. If any square matrix A satisfies the condition A2 = I then the matrix A will be an Involutory matrix otherwise it won't be an Involutory matrix.
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Very good information
ReplyDeleteNice article
ReplyDeleteWell explained
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